Promoviendo la comunicación inclusiva con pictogramas en niños del Centro de Educación Básica Especial Nº 00002, Moyobamba; 2023
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Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica Pública “Generalísimo José de San Martín”
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo implementar el uso de pictogramas como recurso visual en la comunicación funcional de niños y niñas con dificultades comunicativas asociadas a necesidades de audición, lenguaje, trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y síndrome de Down, en el Centro de Educación Básica Especial Nº 00002 de la provincia de Moyobamba. La investigación, de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño pre- experimental, se realizó con una muestra de 8 niños de 4 años. Se emplearon técnicas como análisis documental y fichaje, además de instrumentos como fichas textuales, bibliográficas y pruebas (pretest y postest) para evaluar la comunicación inclusiva con pictogramas en niños del Centro de Educación Básica Especial Nº 00002. El diseño permitió comparar resultados antes y después de la estrategia, evidenciando mejoras significativas en las competencias comunicativas de los niños. Los hallazgos destacan la efectividad de metodologías innovadoras en el desarrollo de habilidades para comunicarse en la educación inicial. Según los resultados, la implementación del cuaderno de comunicación basado en pictogramas en los niños del CEBE N° 00002 de Moyobamba generó una mejora significativa en su comunicación funcional. En la etapa inicial, el 75% se encontraba en un nivel bajo y ningún niño alcanzaba el nivel alto; sin embargo, después de la intervención, el 88% logró ubicarse en un nivel alto y el 12% en nivel medio. Asimismo, en la expresión comunicativa y social, antes de la estrategia el 62,5% se encontraba en nivel bajo y ninguno en nivel alto, mientras que, luego de la aplicación de los pictogramas, el 62,5% alcanzó un nivel alto en la expresión verbal/no verbal y emocional, y un 75% logró un nivel alto en la interacción social. Por lo tanto, la eficacia de los pictogramas como recurso inclusivo, al promover la participación activa, fortalecer las habilidades socioemocionales y facilitar la comprensión y expresión de los niños, subrayando su importancia en la educación especial.
The objective of this research was to implement the use of pictograms as a visual resource to support functional communication in children with communicative difficulties associated with hearing and language needs, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and Down syndrome, at the Special Basic Education Center (CEBE) N°. 00002 in the province of Moyobamba. The study, with a quantitative approach and a pre-experimental design, was conducted with a sample of eight 4-year-old children. Techniques such as documentary analysis and record keeping were applied, along with instruments including textual and bibliographic cards, as well as tests (pretest and posttest) to evaluate inclusive communication with pictograms in children from CEBE N°. 00002. The design allowed for a comparison of results before and after the strategy, showing significant improvements in the communicative competencies of the children. The findings highlight the effectiveness of innovative methodologies in developing communication skills in early education. According to the results, the implementation of the communication notebook based on pictograms in the children of CEBE N°. 00002 of Moyobamba generated a significant improvement in their functional communication. At the initial stage, 75% were at a low level and none reached the high level; however, after the intervention, 88% reached a high level and 12% a medium level. Likewise, in communicative and social expression, before the strategy 62.5% were at a low level and none at a high level, while after the use of pictograms, 62.5% achieved a high level in verbal/non-verbal and emotional expression, and 75% reached a high level in social interaction. Therefore, pictograms proved to be an effective inclusive resource, fostering active participation, strengthening socio-emotional skills, and facilitating children’s comprehension and expression, underscoring their importance in special education.
The objective of this research was to implement the use of pictograms as a visual resource to support functional communication in children with communicative difficulties associated with hearing and language needs, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and Down syndrome, at the Special Basic Education Center (CEBE) N°. 00002 in the province of Moyobamba. The study, with a quantitative approach and a pre-experimental design, was conducted with a sample of eight 4-year-old children. Techniques such as documentary analysis and record keeping were applied, along with instruments including textual and bibliographic cards, as well as tests (pretest and posttest) to evaluate inclusive communication with pictograms in children from CEBE N°. 00002. The design allowed for a comparison of results before and after the strategy, showing significant improvements in the communicative competencies of the children. The findings highlight the effectiveness of innovative methodologies in developing communication skills in early education. According to the results, the implementation of the communication notebook based on pictograms in the children of CEBE N°. 00002 of Moyobamba generated a significant improvement in their functional communication. At the initial stage, 75% were at a low level and none reached the high level; however, after the intervention, 88% reached a high level and 12% a medium level. Likewise, in communicative and social expression, before the strategy 62.5% were at a low level and none at a high level, while after the use of pictograms, 62.5% achieved a high level in verbal/non-verbal and emotional expression, and 75% reached a high level in social interaction. Therefore, pictograms proved to be an effective inclusive resource, fostering active participation, strengthening socio-emotional skills, and facilitating children’s comprehension and expression, underscoring their importance in special education.
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